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Prospec/FGF 19 Human/Fibroblast Growth Factor-19 Human Recombinant/25µg/CYT-700-25µg-25µg
Cataloguenumber
CYT-700
Synonyms
Introduction
TheFGFsareafamilyofmorethan20small(~17–26kDa)secretedpeptides.TheinitialcharacterizationoftheseproteinsfocusedontheirABIlitytostimulatefibroblastproliferation.ThismitogenicactivitywasmediatedthroughFGFreceptors(FGFRs)1,2,or3.Afourthcloselyrelatedtyrosinekinasereceptor(FGFR4)wasabletobindtheFGFsbutdidnotleadtoamitogenicresponse.FGFsmodulatecellularactivityviaatleast5distinctsubfamiliesofhigh-affinityFGFreceptors(FGFRs):FGFR-1,-2,-3,and-4,allwithintrinsictyrosinekinaseactivityand,exceptforFGFR-4,multiplespliceisoforms,andFGFR-5,whichlacksanintracellularkinasedomain.ThereisgrowingevidencethatFGFRscanbeimportantforregulationofglucoseandlipidhomeostasis.TheoverexpressionofadominantnegativeformofFGFR-1in?cellsleadstodiabetesinmice,whichthusimpliesthatproperFGFsignalingisrequiredfornormal?cellfunctionandglycemiamaintenance.FGFR-2appearstobeakeymoleculeduringpancreaticdevelopment.Moreover,FGFR-4hasbeenimplicatedincholesterolmetabolismandbileacidsynthesis.FGF-19,hasbeenshowntocauseresistancetodiet-inducedobesityandINSdesensitizationandtoimproveINS,glucose,andlipidprofilesindiabeticrodents.Sincetheseeffects,atleastinpart,aremediatedthroughtheobservedchangesinmetabolicrates,FGF-19canbeconsideredasaregulatorofenergyexpenditure.FGF-21ispreferentiallyexpressedinliver,butanexactknowledgeofFGF-21bioactivityanditsmodeofactionhavebeenlackingtodate.FGF-21isapotentactivatorofglucoseuptakeonADIpocytes,protectsanimalsfromdiet-inducedobesitywhenoverexpressedintransgenicmice,andlowersbloodglucoseandtriglyceridelevelswhentherapeuticallyadmiNISTeredtodiabeticrodents.
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