
Cataloguenumber
CYT-644
Synonyms
Introduction
Description
Source
PhysicalAppearance
Formulation
Solubility
StABIlity
Purity
Aminoacidsequence
BIOLOGicalActivity
SafetyDataSheet
SDS
Usage
Background
Acytokinethatispartoftheinterleukin6family,LeukaemiainhibitoryfactororLIFoperatesinthehypothalamus.Studieshaveshownthatitmayplayacrucialroleinenergyhomeostasis.ThecytokinehasalsobeenfoundintheanteriorpituitaryandisabletotriggerACTHsecretioninvitroandvivo,showninstudiesonbothmiceandmen.Indeed,studieshaveshownlowplasmaACTHanddamageHPAresponsestoimmunestimuliorstresscanbothbecorrectedbyLIFadmiNISTration.
FunctionLIFgetsitsnamefromitspowertoinduceterminaldifferentiationofmyeloidleukemiacells.WhatthismeansisthatLIFpreventstheirgrowthfromcontinuing.YouwillalsofindcertainotherfactorsattributedtoLIFsuchasinfluenceonbonemetabolism,embryogenesis,inflammation,andthegrowthpromotion,aswellasthedifferentiationofdifferentgroupsoftargetcells.ItisbelievedbysomethatLIFcouldhelptoimprovetheimplantationrateinwomenwhohaveexperiencedunexplainedinfertility.LIFhasalsobeenshownandindeedsuggestedasapossIBLealternatesolutiontofeedcellculture.ThisisduetothelimitthatfeedercellsactuallyonlycreateLIFonthesurfaceofthecells.FeedercellsthatdonotproducetheLIFgenehavebeenfoundnottoeffectivelysupportstemcells.Incontrast,LIFcaneffectivelyensureselfrenewal.ItisabletodothisbygainingtheactivatorofStat3andthesignaltransducer.Typically,LIFwillbeaddedtostemcellculturewiththeaimofreducingthechancesofspontaneousdifferentiation.
StructureThestructureofLIFismadeofmainchainfoldthatconformstothefoura-helixbundletopology.Thishasbeenseeninvariousothermembersofthehematopoieticcytokinefamily.LIFisquitesimilarintermsofstructuretobothGHandgranulocytecolony-stimulatingfactor.Studiesandx-rayshavealsoshownevidenceforregionsofconservedsurfacecharacter.
InteractionsOvertheyears,studieshaveshownthatLIFinteractswithvariousotherfactorsincludingtheciliaryneurotrophicfactor.Thetwosharevariouscommoncomponentsthroughtheirmultimericreceptors.Thetwocytokinereceptorsbothcontaingp190/lowaffinityLIFreceptorandgp130/interleukin-60receptortransducer.Researchhasshownamutualdisplacementtowardthetrimerichigh-affinityCNTFreceptorforLIFandCNTF.OnestudysuggestedthatcompetitionbetweenthetwofactorsisaresultofthreereceptorcomponentstoestablishaconformationalsitethatisapparentforbothLIFandCNTF.
MechanismsWhenLIFbindstotheLIFreceptoralsoknownasLIFR-a,aheterodimerisformed.Thishasaspecificsubunitandthatisapparentforallmembersofthisparticularlyreceptorfamily.TheformationoftheheterodimerthanleadstotheactivationofJAK/STATaswellasMAPK.Typically,LIFewillbeexpressedinthetrophectodermofanembryodeveloping.Thereceptor,LIFR,isthenexpressedthroughtheinnercellmass.Embryonicstemcellscomefromtheinnercellmassduringtheblastocyststage.Assuch,oncetheyareremoved,thisalsoremovestheLIFsource.